What i have lived for Essay Example

What i have lived for Essay Over the course of my life, three passions that have driven my life: the need for adrenaline, the commitment of family love, and the endless love for cars. Though simple and uninteresting to ones mind, these overwhelming passions have lead my life of dullness and bitterness to a life of sweetness and Joy. Whats so life changing of these passions? Whether its the urge to winning a race or parachuting off a plane miles up, that heart pumping, adrenaline, feeling I get is what I would describe fun as. That slow action time zone I receive in the midst of battling a position for a race is the feeling that cannot be explained, but for one to have experienced it to know. That time zone where everything is slowed, is where I have the chance to forget all the stress built up, and to Just enjoy the ecstasy feeling of the adrenaline. We will write a custom essay sample on What i have lived for specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What i have lived for specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What i have lived for specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This ecstasy feeling is so great that one could sacrifice a stressful moment of their life Just to sit down and enjoy the beautiful scenery around them. Then all of a sudden, the feeling would Just seem to fade away and the life I once had comes back. Though knowing the fact that this adrenaline feeling could be experienced again, the depression I have decreases just a bit, while I look forward to the next time will experience it again. While the want for adrenaline, comes with the want to return a favor to my family. Thinking of the pain my parents have suffered to give me the life I never had, gives me pains as I watch them come home tired and hungry every day since I could remember. Family first is what I go by, so I would take every available chance there is to be able to return the favor. Parents are not Just the people who wash your loathes and cook you dinner, they are the people who have striver to see you be happy. Though I could tell them I love them every day, nothing more than physically showing them proves more. The day I read my first car book at the age of 5 was the day that marked the beginning of my love for cars. The rumbling roars of the cars circling the track is like music to my ears. Spending time admiring the beauty of each car would be my second definition of fun. But the real fun lies behind a leather gripped steering wheel of an Italian supercargo. The adrenaline that rushes through your brain makes o feel like you never want to get out of the car, forgetting the fact that you once had a life. Speeding through the hollow tunnels leaving a trail of roars and taking the turns with such speed is what each young car fanatic would have dreamed of before sleeping. Its a shame that Im still in the introduction years of my life, unable to experience that life at the moment, but its good to know that with effort I can achieve it. Blood -rushing adrenaline, commitment to the family, and endless love for cars are the passions that have driven my life of dullness and bitterness to a life of sweetness and Joy.

What is an Epilogue and How To Write One, According to Pro Editors

What is an Epilogue and How To Write One, According to Pro Editors What is an Epilogue - and How To Write One Readers Won't Forget The epilogue comes after the story has ended and acts as a finishing touch. It’s one of those literary devices whose necessity is often debated - along with its predecessor, the prologue. If you write a strong ending to a story, should there really be anything left to say? Well, like a good digestif, an epilogue can serve as a satisfying close to a story - one that gives you a moment to reflect on everything you just consumed. It shouldn’t replace dessert the ending of the novel, but merely provide a grace note for the story to close on.To help you decide if your story needs an epilogue and, if so, how to write a strong one, we’ve asked our editors to give us their top epilogue advice. But first, let’s make sure we’re all clear on what an epilogue really is...What is an epilogue?Classic Greek and Elizabethan plays often included epilogues to explain the later fates of the characters. An actor would step forward and speak directly to the audience, offering commentary on the story and dispensing morals, if any were to be found in the tale.  Note that the epilogue, in this respect, is the exact opposite of the prologue and the preface.Since then, the epilogue has naturally evolved. Today, this kind of wrap-up is very rarely used in novels. It's seen as "spoon-feeding" the reader and it implies a lack of trust - either between the novelist and the reader, or between the writer and their own ending.Whether you’re writing a â€Å"Happily Ever After† or a â€Å"To be continued†¦Ã¢â‚¬  epilogue, just be sure to go forward with confidence. If you doubt its necessity, it’s a strong sign it doesn’t need to be there. Either way, don’t overwrite, trust your readers, and you’ll surely have them sighing when they flip the final page and remember that â€Å"parting is such sweet sorrow.†What are some of your favorite epilogues? How do you feel they contributed to your understanding or enjoyment of the story? Leave any thoughts or questions in the comments below!

Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 performed in 1721 Essay

Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 performed in 1721 - Essay Example Bach's musical education began with the violin followed by his growth into an authority on the organ and other keyboard instruments. He was a musician with a strong personality and intensity and was known to possess a desire to create a "richer, more complex" music score. Bach's concerts have known to be rich in complexity and this is what we get to understand in the Brandenburg Concerto which has been recognized as one of the best combinations of Bach's works, combining elements of church and orchestral music. "Baroque", a set of European classical music which existed from 1650 - 17501 originally meant an insult also describing an 'irregular' shape of no particular beauty which is often compared to an irregular pearl denoting its irregularity in shape. The "irregular pearl" is a strikingly fitting characterization of architecture often symbolized with that of 17th century. Over time though, this style of music came to be recognized as one with grandeur, stylishness, a sense of bravado and improvisation. Instruments that are particular in this era are hurdy gurdy, harpsichord, organ, bass viol, lute, violin and baroque guitar. Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 is considered to be a masterpiece in the Baroque style. This composition has a clear melody, with excellent and timely usage of instruments like the Lute, Organ all put together in a clever ensemble. The harp and organ invoke an uplifting feeling of happiness along with the lute. The concerto has a continuous line moving and extends with the addition of instruments as the composition progresses, which is peculiar to the Baroque style. Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 displays the influence of the reformation on musical style when compared with the Renaissance era proving to be a masterpiece in its style and era. The concert begins with the lute, followed by introduction of the organ and the cello. The introduction of the 5th Concerto is impressive and demanding which was created with the combination of the violin, cello and the lute. As the concert progresses, the cello and lute are continuous with the organ providing the "melody", the violin depicts drama and intensity and the constant variations in instruments succeeds in invoking many emotions. The finale is depicted with the dramatic introduction of the violin and the cello. Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 is a brilliant composition that is captivating. References http://www.answers.com/baroque+musiccat=entertainment http://classicalplus.gmn.com/composers/composer.aspid=2 A History of Baroque Music (Book). By: McGee, Timothy J., 03630277, 5/15/2004, Vol. 129, Issue 9 http://www.mckeeth.org/wikilinks/bach1911.html Johann Sebastian Bach & the Art of Baroque Music (Book). By: Jones, Trevelyn E., Toth, Luann, Charnizon, Marlene, Grabarek, Daryl, Larkins, Jeanne, Steinberg, Renee, 03628930, Aug2004, Vol. 50, Issue

Sunbelt South Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sunbelt South - Essay Example The book continues in this vein moving along the time line until the second world war from whence a tremendous change starts sweeping through the south; altering its identity amid strong global influences. This change is witnessed amid strong resistance from the south’s white leadership who try to stem the new influences that threaten to change the status quo that has existed and given the south its distinct identity up to that point in time. Cobb uses a huge base of historical and literary references to illustrate his points and succeeds in providing a very balanced and unbiased account of the state of the south. The only criticism that can be leveled his way is the lack of reference to the medical situation through out the narration. The health maladies that plagued the south at various durations over time have also had an impact on the self- identity of the south and deserved some mention as well. To illustrate the state of the south since the Second World War, we have to r ely on the available literature and Cobb is a renowned historian of repute especially concerning the south. The study of the south is intricately interwoven with the history of America and its only fitting we look at it to understand the state of America since the end of the second world war. ... The image of the south has undergone change all through its existence and none is more profound than the change experienced after the Second World War and intensified during the civil rights era. The white supremacists fought hard to cling on to the status quo from this period but the winds of change were blowing harder and getting even harder to ignore. The very definitions of the southern way of life as it was known up till then were shaken to the core. The African Americans were at this time examining their southern heritage more keenly and openly and beginning to embrace their southern heritage amid their championing of their black identity. There is a distinct feel of the south’s development and evolution being dissected in the book and its wide array of relevant topics got fromfrom the national ascendance of southern culture and music, to a globalized Dixie's allure for foreign factories and a flood of immigrants, to the roles of women and an increasingly visible gay pop ulation in contemporary southern life. The heart of the book illuminates the struggle for Civil Rights. For instance the author refers to a time when Jim Crow still towered over the South in 1945, but Cobb shows that Pearl Harbor unleashed forces that would ultimately contribute to its eventual downfall. Rising black political influence outside the South and the incongruity of combating racist totalitarianism overseas while condoning the same at home, created the opportunity for returning black veterans to organize the NAACP's postwar attack on the South's racial system. This assault elicited not only vocal white opposition but also led to increasing violence that climaxed in the murder of young Emmett

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Global Warming - Essay Example Nations that approved the Kyoto Protocol concur to decrease emissions of six greenhouse gases that increase the problems of global warming. These nations are also permitted to utilize emissions trading to reach their obligations if they maintain or increase their greenhouse gas emissions. All of these activities around the world are then observed and maintained by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or the IPCC, as well as other environmental protocol treaties. The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research or UCAR (2011) cited that â€Å"the IPCC coordinates the efforts of more than 2,000 scientists from 154 countries. Together, they represent a vast array of climate specialties, from physics, to chemistry, to interactions with Earth's surface, to the role of human behavior.† The IPCC also has a policy-making body that helps extensively review the findings from scientists or field-related researchers so that their formation in creating policies is well founded and guided. The question that should now be asked is whether or not such measures are good or bad for the environment. Could it be certain that the measures taken by these various human actions and endeavors help the world against the effects of global warming? These inquiries shall be explored further through the next discussions of this paper. The Affirmative Side It has come to the attention of various environmental organizations and some societies of various nations that the negative effects of global warming could no longer be taken for granted and ignored. This matter has made environmental groups and organizations rise in their activities through the years, and many have made successful advances with their agendas in government, business, and... Combining policies that deal with the local air pollution and the issue of global climate change would result to beneficial changes for climate alleviation. Medium to long term plans and actions to lessen air pollution will lead to more benefits in combating global warming. For example, the development of green intelligence policies has been growing in different businesses and societies. This was observed by the BusinessWeek Research Services (2009) who posited out, â€Å"amid the current climate of greater demand for both environmental awareness and corporate accountability, organizations are finding that success is increasingly being measured not only by financial performance, but also by ecological and social accomplishments as well† (p.3). If various major governments and much of the private sector adopt the green intelligence as a core goal and as part of their methods and practice, then it could make up for all the environmental damage that has been done for the past cen tury. Different methods of proper waste disposal and management can also help combat and deal with the increasing problem of global warming. Proper segregation and recycling of garbage or trash can prevent the creation of massive waste landfills that release a lot of gases that are harmful to the atmosphere, the ecological systems, and human health. Recycled material can also be used for the consumption and use by society and even help promote a new type or brand of goods to be used for commerce and trade.

Carnival Major Aspect Of Trinidadian Culture Social Policy Essay

Carnival Major Aspect Of Trinidadian Culture Social Policy Essay What is culture? According to La Belle and Ward (1996), a current definition of culture encompasses the shared attributes which delineate one group as separate from another ( p. 28). A slightly more specific definition for this very broad term comes from Frantz Fanon who says that a culture is first and foremost the expression of a nation, its preferences, its taboos, and its models (2004, p.177). From this standpoint we will examine Trinidadian culture or more specifically the significance of Carnival, an integral part of Trinidadian culture, as an outpouring of expression which originated with the French Roman Catholic aristocracy and later was influenced by slaves and former slaves. We will also examine the role it plays in inspiring national pride and uniting the Trinidadian diaspora. According to Mr. Walcott we have lost much of our historical legacy and it is from this loss and the consequent necessity for something to fill that void that the innovation of our culture (i.e. Caribbean culture) materialized (Walcott, 1974, p. 6). I disagree with Mr. Walcott on this point. I believe that a great deal of history was lost yes, whether it is because it was irrelevant as he says or not is in itself immaterial for the purpose of this discussion. It is my opinion that culture was not simply an upwelling of inventiveness due to large gaps in historical memory, but also an amalgamation of what historical heritage was left behind regardless of the fact that it was in tatters. If we take Carnival as an isolated part of culture, this point can be proven as we examine the origins of Carnival and see for ourselves that it began in Trinidad with a French Roman Catholic tradition of the aristocracy (Zavitz Allahar, 2002) in the pre-emancipation era as a last prelenten celebratio n, which symbolized the abandonment of propriety. It was transformed with the advent of emancipation from a celebration in the form of masked balls, song, drama and dance which indirectly, covertly and subversively confronted issues of social restrictions of class and race, since most wore masks, into a fusion in the post-emancipation period of West African religious practices and beliefs and the pre-existing French celebration (Nurse, 1999). The initial celebration of Carnival by the recently freed slaves was in the form of re-enacting a scene that they had become all too familiar with and which they had named Cannes Brulà ©es or burning cane (Carnival). This is one instance of creation such as that which Mr. Walcott speaks of, however we can clearly see that the entirety of the Carnival practice, once taken as a whole, contains old and new elements, old from both French and African historical celebrations separately and new from the synthesis of new ideas based on experiences and the mixing of two cultures together, one forcibly oppressed for many years, and the other, living in extravagance comparatively. Let us now take a look at what Carnival is, what it symbolizes presently for the citizens of Trinidad and Tobago. Carnival as seen by the spectator and masquerader alike is not viewed as anything static. It is a dynamic and fluid process (Green, 2007, p. 206). It is a vibrant, exuberant, triumphant, colourful display on the one hand of freedom from ones inhibitions as passed down from the originators of this festival, in which fast-paced, up-tempo music urges revelers to jump and gyrate in time with the syncopations of the melodic soca music (Green, 2007, pp. 207-208). Feathers, beads, staffs, headbands, bright dramatic make-up, sequins, beads and all manner of shiny things bob and weave with the rhythm of the uninhibited who proudly bare their costumes and newly fit bodies for cameras and tourists alike. Big music trucks patrol the streets with thousands cavorting to the tune reverberating from the massive speakers that take up the entire truck-cab and face in all directions. This m addeningly spectacular display of peacock-like feathers, glitter and lithe bodies strutting to the beat, begins on Carnival Monday morning with JOuvert which means opening of the day and continues right through into LasLap on Tuesday night until the stroke of midnight (Scher, 2002, p. 461). This is the part of Carnival that is marketed, packaged and sold to the masses every year. The package includes the enticement of watching steel-bands vie for the title of champion in the Queens Park Savannah, during Panorama, the most renowned steelpan competition during the Carnival season. It is not to say that this is all that Carnival consists of, however when considering the diasporic culture of expatriate Trinis, as they are called, and their descendants, these are the images that bring to life that longing for the homeland and have inspired stirrings in the soul to return to Trinidad, just to participate in this festival of colour and unadulterated elation. The term diasporic mentioned re fers to the dispersion of a community away from its homeland to more than one peripheral region, which remembers or has some cultural connection to the homeland and is not fully acknowledged as a member of the current country (Clifford, 1994, p. 304). Although they may be expatriates, during the Carnival season, many Trinis faithfully return home to take part in festivities and can be heard speaking d lingo of dey people even if with a slight North American twist. As was stated by Clifford (1994) the language of diaspora is increasingly invoked by displaced peoples who feel a connection with a prior home (p.310). Many Caribbeans in New York, for example, have maintained a sense of connection with their home islands, a distinct sense of cultural, and sometimes class, identity that sets them apart from African Americans (Clifford, 1994, p. 315). The reclamation of ties to the homeland can also be seen through the migration of the celebration of Carnival to major cities around the world. This repossession can be accounted for by marginalization and experiences of discrimination and exclusion (Clifford, 1994, p. 311). It is the way that the diasporic mentality makes up for the bad experiences (Clifford, 1994). It also however speaks t o the issue of nationalism. Expatriates and their descendants must look to Trinidad for innovations in the Carnival arts (Green, 2007, p. 213) speaks to the issue of national pride as well and the refusal to allow the denigration of the achievements of the nation. I digress here to discuss this issue of nationalism and national pride. Nationalism, according to Greenfeld (2006) refers to the set of ideas and sentiments which form the conceptual framework of national identity (p.69). Four concepts that are key to Greenfelds theory that factor in here in our discussion are: equality, respect, dignity and citizenship(2006. She says that the fact that ones national identity is coupled with dignity and self-respect, due to the elevation of citizens to the level of membership in the nation, guarantees ones investment in the community that constitutes the nation. The dignity imparted with feeling like one belongs is what spurs national pride. The prestige associated with that feeling of belonging encourages international competition. This concept speaks to the pride that Trinidadians feel, particularly at Carnival time, possibly more so than at any other time of the year, on professing that, yes they come from the land of Carnival and pretty mas and w hats more they know how to wine. It may well be that other islands craved the sense of pride that they saw in Trinidadians at some point since we are told that it is from Trinidads Carnival that they take their inspiration, form, and structure (Cohen, 2007, p. 898). I dont suppose we will ever know if this adoption of carnival stemmed from regional competition or from a different historical legacy. In support of this argument that Carnival has inspired national pride we look to Mr. Green, who talks about how these other carnivals derived from Trinidadian Carnival has instilled a certain drive in Trinidadians to have their originality and cultural innovation recognized and their country acknowledged as the birthplace of the copycat Carnival that is now marketed in at least three major metropolitan centers internationally: Toronto, London and Brooklyn respectively (Green, 2007, pp. 210-213). Even still, we find that the visitors still number in the thousands to Trinidad for Carnival each year. Currently, most of those who come to Carnival are either expatriate Trinidadians or individuals who are very familiar with some aspect of the Carnival (Green, 2007, p. 206). But non-Trinidadians and descendants of Trinidadians living abroad also learn about theCarnival-like events inspired by Trinidad Carnival Caribana, Notting Hill, and West Indian-American Day among them, in the three afo rementioned major cities respectively (Green, 2007, pp. 210-211). We can see from the comments made by the interviewee in Mr. Greens article, that national pride and the resultant desire to seek the nations interest in reclaiming what is rightfully Trinidadian is spawned from the prospect of stolen ideas and the frustration at other countries inadequate imitations of a distinctive cultural marker People in promoting their own Carnival based on Trinidads Carnival, forget about Trinidad So we have got to look after our own laurels to re-establish ourselves And once we do that, people will remember that this is the Mecca, this is where you come for the real things that are rich and flavorful and tasty about Carnival (interview, 13 August 1993) (Green, 2007, p. 212). We learn that sadly, it is mostly Trinidadian expatriates and individuals who have had some exposure to some aspect of Carnival, who come to visit each year (Green, 2007, p. 206). It is still encouraging from my standpoint however to know that non-Trinidadians and descendants of Trinidadia ns living abroad also learn about Carnival-like events created by Trinidadians inspired by Trinidad Carnival Caribana, Notting Hill, and West Indian-American Day among them, in the three aforementioned major cities respectively (Green, 2007, pp. 210-211). Even if the name of the country is mentioned and people are able to experience and capture some essence of what Carnival is about, we never know, it may instill in them the desire to come and visit Trinidad 1themselves. Carnival is broken down into parts and must be expressed in such a manner that can be experienced by others in order for it to be brought to the educational forum and projected into the public arena both nationally and internationally (Green, 2007, p. 207). It can be broken down into music, costumes, food and so on. The end to this breaking it down, when we consider edification of the nation in itself of its own tradition and festival , is cultural nationalism. Cultural nationalism as described by Mr. Green has as its aim to inculcate among members of the nation a sense of shared national culture, one that is not distorted by outside cultural influence (Green, 2007, p. 203). Simply put, this has the ability to put the citizens of Trinidad and Tobago in a position of stemming its vulnerability to outside cultural forces because it has been educated on the importance of its own. Globalization is inevitable, however, the question that has to be posed is how much is Trinidad willing to l ose its culture to other nations? How has Carnival indirectly affected culture negatively? It has opened the country up to the influences of massive influxes of tourists and the impact their culture has on the uneducated populace. Unfortunately though, as Derek Walcott so eloquently expressed his feelings of dependence on America that can be easily transmitted to many an educated Trinidadian regarding Carnival the more West Indian I become, the more I can accept my dependence on America not because America owes me a living from historical guilt, nor that it needs my presence, but because we share this part of the world, and have shared it for centuries now (La Belle Ward, 1996, p. 3). Again, the only solution to avoiding vulnerability and to ensuring sustainability of the festival and the uniqueness of Trinidads Carnival as opposed to what is being produced in the name of Carnival, is education. Now that Carnival has come to pass: national pride has been boosted, global awareness of the festival has exploded and tourism has grown as an industry during that period of time, the Carnival season. With increasing globalization, Trinidad stands to lose out on a large percentage of income and also the proper credit, recognition, and appreciation for what it has contributed to the world (Green, 2007, p. 214) that could be earned through these festivals, these pseudo-carnivals initiated by members of the diaspora uniting to recapture the essence of their homeland in metropolitan hubs around the world. The positive side of the coin is global recognition for innovativeness and diversity as a culture. What will become of Carnival and Trinidadian national pride in the years to come? We will have to wait and see. REFERENCES Carnival. (n.d.). Retrieved November 23rd, 2009, from Trinidad and Tobago National Library and Information System Authority Web site: http://library2.nalis.gov.tt/Default.aspx?PageContentID=206tabid=161 Clifford, J. (1994). Diasporas. Cultural Anthropology , 9 (3), 302-338. Cohen, C. B. (2007). Trinidad Carnival Today: Local Culture in a Global Context. Anthropological Quarterly , 80 (3), 897-902. Fanon, F. (2004). On National Culture. In F. Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (p. 177). New York: Grove Press. Green, G. L. (2007). Come to Life: Authenticity, Value, and the Carnival as Cultural Commodity in Trinidad and Tobago. Identites: Global Studies in Culture and Power , 14 (1/2), 203-224. Greenfeld, L. (2006). Nationalism and the Mind: Essays on Modern Culture. Oneworld Publications. La Belle, T. J., Ward, C. R. (1996). Ethnic Studies and Multiculturalism. New York: State University of New York Press. Nurse, K. (1999). Globalization and Trinidad Carnival:Diaspora, Hybridity and Identity in Global Culture. Cultural Studies , 13 (4), 661-690. Scher, P. W. (2002). Copyright Heritage: Preservation, Carnival and the State in Trinidad. Anthropological Quarterly , 75 (3), 453-484. Walcott, D. (1974). The Caribbean: Culture or Mimicry. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs , 16 (1), 3-13. Zavitz, A. L., Allahar, A. L. (2002). Racial Politics and Cultural Identity in Trinidads Carnival. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research , 2 (2), 125-145.

Mind, Matter and Descartes :: Philosophy essays

Mind, Matter and Descartes "Cogito Ergo Sum," "I think, therefore I am," the epitome of Rene Descartes' logic. Born in 1596 in La Haye, France, Descartes studied at a Jesuit College, where his acquaintance with the rector and childhood frailty allowed him to lead a leisurely lifestyle. This opulence and lack of daily responsibility gave him the liberty to offer his discontentment with both contrived scholasticism, philosophy of the church during the Middle Ages, as well as extreme skepticism, the doctrine that absolute knowledge is impossible. Through the most innovative logic since Aristotle's death, as well as application of the sciences, he pursued a lifelong quest for scientific truth. Philosophy is believed to have begun in the sixth century in ancient Greece. In fact, the word "philosophy" is the Greek term for "love of wisdom" (Pojman). After notable minds of the Ancient World such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, by modernist standards, original thinking ceased for many centuries. Throughout the following period, later known as the Middle Ages, the world was dominated by dogma of the Catholic Church. Scholasticism allied with severe punishment for heresy prevented rationalization outside of religion. Descartes was the first to bring philosophy to its "Renaissance" (Strathern 7-9). He questioned the reality of everything, including God. Though he was a devout Catholic, and later proved the existence of God mathematically, he founded and popularized the concept of questioning that which is taught. Descartes' philosophy was an attempt to create a genuine foundation upon which further scientific developments would be established. His devotion to math's methodic nature and invariability lead him to apply these concepts to all other ideas. He hypothesized that "those propositions which one could come to understand completely would be self evident, since one's knowledge about them would not depend upon knowledge of any other propositions; therefore they were suitable to stand as fundamental assumptions, to be the starting points from which other propositions could be deduced" (Walting). He realized that he knew nothing for certain except for the fact that he was thinking, which proved that he existed; "Cogito Ergo Sum." "Descartes argues that all ideas that are as clear and distinct as the Cogito must be true, for, if they were not, then Cogito also, as a member of the class of clear and distinct ideas, could be doubted" (Walting). Descartes theorized that each person has an innate idea of a perfect being.